Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness in people over 60 years of age. However, it can strike anyone at any age. There are various kinds of glaucoma, some have no symptoms. In some kinds of glaucoma, its impact on the vision is so gradual that the person does not realise any change in the vision till the condition progresses significantly.
Glaucoma is a condition that damages the optic nerve, which is essential for proper vision. In most cases, excessively high pressure in the eye is the cause of this damage.
Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness in people over 60 years of age. However, it can strike anyone at any age. There are various kinds of glaucoma, some have no symptoms. In some kinds of glaucoma, its impact on the vision is so gradual that the person does not realise any change in the vision till the condition progresses significantly.
Because glaucoma vision loss is irreversible, it’s critical to get frequent eye exams that include measures of your eye pressure so that a diagnosis may be made early and treatment can begin. Early detection of the condition can prevent vision loss. In glaucoma, one needs to continue the treatment for life.
Glaucoma is a hereditary disease, it runs in families. Intraocular pressure can harm your optic nerve. Glaucoma can cause permanent vision loss or perhaps total blindness within a few years if left untreated.
There are two primary types
Glaucoma with an open-angle is the most typical. It’s also known as wide-angle glaucoma by your doctor. In this kind of glaucoma, the trabecular meshwork (the drain structure in your eye) appears to be in good working order, yet fluid does not flow out as it should.
Angle-closure glaucoma is more commonly present in Asia. It’s also known as acute or chronic angle-closure glaucoma or narrow-angle glaucoma. In this the drain area between the iris and cornea becomes too narrow that the eye could not drain the way it should. This accumulation can result in a sudden increase in ocular pressure.
Some kinds of Glaucoma are less common
Secondary glaucoma is a type of glaucoma that occurs when another ailment, such as cataracts or diabetes, creates increased pressure in your eye.
Glaucoma with normal tension. Even though your eye pressure is within the normal range, you may have blind patches in your eyesight or damage to your optic nerve. According to some specialists, it’s a type of open-angle glaucoma.
Glaucoma with pigmentation. Tiny pigment particles from your iris, the colored area of your eye, seep into the fluid inside your eye and clog the drainage channels when you have this condition.
Glaucoma signs and symptoms vary depending on the kind and stage of the disease.
Glaucoma with an open angle
Glaucoma with acute angle-closure
Glaucoma cause blindness if left untreated. Even with therapy, roughly 15% of glaucoma patients lose vision in at least one eye within 20 years.
Glaucoma treatment aims to lower Intraocular pressure (IOP) in order to prevent further vision loss. Typically, your doctor will start treating you with eye drops prescribed by him or her. If these don’t work or if you need a more advanced treatment, your doctor may recommend one of the following options:
Medications
There are a number of medications that can help you lower your Intraocular pressure (IOP). These medications are available as eye drops or pills, with eye drops being the most prevalent. One or a combination of these may be prescribed by your doctor.
Surgery
If a clogged or slow channel is producing high Intraocular pressure (IOP), your doctor may recommend surgery to create a fluid drainage path or eliminate tissues that are causing the problem. Angle-closure glaucoma is treated differently. Glaucoma of this sort is a medical emergency that necessitates rapid therapy to lower eye pressure as quickly as possible. Medicines are typically used first to try to reverse the angle closure, but this can be ineffective. Laser peripheral iridotomy, a laser technique, may also be used. This technique makes microscopic holes in your iris to allow more fluid to flow through it.
Laser therapy – If you have open-angle glaucoma, laser trabeculoplasty is a possibility. It’s carried out in doctor’s office. A tiny laser beam is used by your doctor to open congested passages in the trabecular meshwork. It could take a few weeks for the full impact of this surgery to be felt.
Filtering surgery – It is a procedure that involves the removal of contaminants. A trabeculectomy (truh-bek-u-LEK-tuh-me) is a surgical operation in which your surgeon makes an opening in the white of the eye (sclera) and removes part of the trabecular meshwork.
Tubes for draining – A tiny tube shunt is inserted into your eye by your eye surgeon to drain out excess fluid and relieve your eye pressure.
Glaucoma surgery that is minimally invasive (MIGS) – To lower your eye pressure, your doctor may recommend a MIGS surgery. These treatments are less risky and need less immediate postoperative care than trabeculectomy or the placement of a drainage device. They’re frequently used in conjunction with cataract surgery. There are several MIGS treatments to choose from, and your doctor will discuss which one is best for you.
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